To exclude more perfectly the air, an excellent way to proceed, and easily practicable with small coils, is the following: Construct a box of hardwood of very thick boards which have been for a long time boiled in oil. The boards should be so joined as to safely withstand the external air pressure. The coil being placed and fastened in position within the box, the latter is closed with a strong lid, and covered with closely fitting metal sheets, the joints of which are soldered very carefully. On the top two small holes are drilled, passing through the metal sheet and the wood, and in these holes two small glass tubes are inserted and the joints made air-tight. One of the tubes is connected to a vacuum pump, and the other with a vessel containing a sufficient quantity of boiled-out oil. The latter tube has a very small hole at the bottom, and is provided with a stopcock. When a fairly good vacuum has been obtained, the stopcock is opened and the oil slowly fed in. Proceeding in this manner, it is impossible that any big bubbles, which are the principal danger, should remain between the turns. The air is most completely excluded, probably better than by boiling out, which, however, when gutta-percha coated wires are used, is not practicable. Mention has been made of the country people going to the larger cities to market their products and purchase goods wanted. It is not considered at all unusual for country and small town people to auto 30 miles to patronize the large department stores in the city. If a trade which satisfies both trader and tradee is beneficial and of economic importance to both then this would seem to be a good thing. The selling of the goods is beneficial to the store-keeper because he makes his profit. The trader has a large variety to select from and having made a voluntary selection is satisfied, because he or she may secure exactly what the city cousin gets. The culprit’s duties included filling out time forms for three hundred employees, and he learned that someone had shown a fit of absentmindedness in setting up a computer system storing pay and hour records. The railroad put workers’ names as well as their identification numbers into the computer. But the machine used only the numbers to track down names and addresses to print on checks. Manually processing the forms, however, humans normally ignored the computer numbers. They actually had the gall to think of the workers just by their names. Wheels turned in the clerk’s head. Why not sneak in overtime pay by using other people’s names on the paper forms but _his_ own number for the myopic computer? And so his income increased by several thousand dollars each year. The country of the Quadlings seemed rich and happy. There was field upon field of ripening grain, with well-paved roads running between, and pretty rippling brooks with strong bridges across them. The fences and houses and bridges were all painted bright red, just as they had been painted yellow in the country of the Winkies and blue in the country of the Munchkins. The Quadlings themselves, who were short and fat and looked chubby and good-natured, were dressed all in red, which showed bright against the green grass and the yellowing grain. For the primaries I use ordinary line wire with a thick cotton coating. Strands of very thin insulated wires properly interlaced would, of course, be the best to employ for the primaries, but they are not to be had. In an experimental coil the size of the wires is not of great importance. In the coil here used the primary is No. 12 and the secondary No. 24 Brown & Sharpe gauge wire; but the sections may be varied considerably. It would only imply different adjustments; the results aimed at would not be materially affected.

TO EXCLUDE MORE PERFECTLY THE AIR, AN EXCELLENT WAY TO PROCEED, AND EASILY PRACTICABLE WITH SMALL COILS, IS THE FOLLOWING: CONSTRUCT A BOX OF HARDWOOD OF VERY THICK BOARDS WHICH HAVE BEEN FOR A LONG TIME BOILED IN OIL. THE BOARDS SHOULD BE SO JOINED AS TO SAFELY WITHSTAND THE EXTERNAL AIR PRESSURE. THE COIL BEING PLACED AND FASTENED IN POSITION WITHIN THE BOX, THE LATTER IS CLOSED WITH A STRONG LID, AND COVERED WITH CLOSELY FITTING METAL SHEETS, THE JOINTS OF WHICH ARE SOLDERED VERY CAREFULLY. ON THE TOP TWO SMALL HOLES ARE DRILLED, PASSING THROUGH THE METAL SHEET AND THE WOOD, AND IN THESE HOLES TWO SMALL GLASS TUBES ARE INSERTED AND THE JOINTS MADE AIR-TIGHT. ONE OF THE TUBES IS CONNECTED TO A VACUUM PUMP, AND THE OTHER WITH A VESSEL CONTAINING A SUFFICIENT QUANTITY OF BOILED-OUT OIL. THE LATTER TUBE HAS A VERY SMALL HOLE AT THE BOTTOM, AND IS PROVIDED WITH A STOPCOCK. WHEN A FAIRLY GOOD VACUUM HAS BEEN OBTAINED, THE STOPCOCK IS OPENED AND THE OIL SLOWLY FED IN. PROCEEDING IN THIS MANNER, IT IS IMPOSSIBLE THAT ANY BIG BUBBLES, WHICH ARE THE PRINCIPAL DANGER, SHOULD REMAIN BETWEEN THE TURNS. THE AIR IS MOST COMPLETELY EXCLUDED, PROBABLY BETTER THAN BY BOILING OUT, WHICH, HOWEVER, WHEN GUTTA-PERCHA COATED WIRES ARE USED, IS NOT PRACTICABLE. MENTION HAS BEEN MADE OF THE COUNTRY PEOPLE GOING TO THE LARGER CITIES TO MARKET THEIR PRODUCTS AND PURCHASE GOODS WANTED. IT IS NOT CONSIDERED AT ALL UNUSUAL FOR COUNTRY AND SMALL TOWN PEOPLE TO AUTO 30 MILES TO PATRONIZE THE LARGE DEPARTMENT STORES IN THE CITY. IF A TRADE WHICH SATISFIES BOTH TRADER AND TRADEE IS BENEFICIAL AND OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE TO BOTH THEN THIS WOULD SEEM TO BE A GOOD THING. THE SELLING OF THE GOODS IS BENEFICIAL TO THE STORE-KEEPER BECAUSE HE MAKES HIS PROFIT. THE TRADER HAS A LARGE VARIETY TO SELECT FROM AND HAVING MADE A VOLUNTARY SELECTION IS SATISFIED, BECAUSE HE OR SHE MAY SECURE EXACTLY WHAT THE CITY COUSIN GETS. THE CULPRIT’S DUTIES INCLUDED FILLING OUT TIME FORMS FOR THREE HUNDRED EMPLOYEES, AND HE LEARNED THAT SOMEONE HAD SHOWN A FIT OF ABSENTMINDEDNESS IN SETTING UP A COMPUTER SYSTEM STORING PAY AND HOUR RECORDS. THE RAILROAD PUT WORKERS’ NAMES AS WELL AS THEIR IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS INTO THE COMPUTER. BUT THE MACHINE USED ONLY THE NUMBERS TO TRACK DOWN NAMES AND ADDRESSES TO PRINT ON CHECKS. MANUALLY PROCESSING THE FORMS, HOWEVER, HUMANS NORMALLY IGNORED THE COMPUTER NUMBERS. THEY ACTUALLY HAD THE GALL TO THINK OF THE WORKERS JUST BY THEIR NAMES. WHEELS TURNED IN THE CLERK’S HEAD. WHY NOT SNEAK IN OVERTIME PAY BY USING OTHER PEOPLE’S NAMES ON THE PAPER FORMS BUT _HIS_ OWN NUMBER FOR THE MYOPIC COMPUTER? AND SO HIS INCOME INCREASED BY SEVERAL THOUSAND DOLLARS EACH YEAR. THE COUNTRY OF THE QUADLINGS SEEMED RICH AND HAPPY. THERE WAS FIELD UPON FIELD OF RIPENING GRAIN, WITH WELL-PAVED ROADS RUNNING BETWEEN, AND PRETTY RIPPLING BROOKS WITH STRONG BRIDGES ACROSS THEM. THE FENCES AND HOUSES AND BRIDGES WERE ALL PAINTED BRIGHT RED, JUST AS THEY HAD BEEN PAINTED YELLOW IN THE COUNTRY OF THE WINKIES AND BLUE IN THE COUNTRY OF THE MUNCHKINS. THE QUADLINGS THEMSELVES, WHO WERE SHORT AND FAT AND LOOKED CHUBBY AND GOOD-NATURED, WERE DRESSED ALL IN RED, WHICH SHOWED BRIGHT AGAINST THE GREEN GRASS AND THE YELLOWING GRAIN. FOR THE PRIMARIES I USE ORDINARY LINE WIRE WITH A THICK COTTON COATING. STRANDS OF VERY THIN INSULATED WIRES PROPERLY INTERLACED WOULD, OF COURSE, BE THE BEST TO EMPLOY FOR THE PRIMARIES, BUT THEY ARE NOT TO BE HAD. IN AN EXPERIMENTAL COIL THE SIZE OF THE WIRES IS NOT OF GREAT IMPORTANCE. IN THE COIL HERE USED THE PRIMARY IS NO. 12 AND THE SECONDARY NO. 24 BROWN & SHARPE GAUGE WIRE; BUT THE SECTIONS MAY BE VARIED CONSIDERABLY. IT WOULD ONLY IMPLY DIFFERENT ADJUSTMENTS; THE RESULTS AIMED AT WOULD NOT BE MATERIALLY AFFECTED.